MRSA

Naser Jarrar's picture

Molecular Detection of Nine Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology 01/2014
Year of Publication: 
2014
Authors: 
Ghaleb Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Naser Jarrar
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Alaa Amleh
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

This study aimed to evaluate the relation between the phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the antibiotic resistance genes and to investigate the prevalence of macrolide, lincosamides, streptogramin, aminoglycoside and tetra cycline resistance genes among MRSA isolates. A total of 55 clinical MRSA isolates were included in this study, antibiotic resistance was conducted by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, broth microdilution assay and multiplex PCR technique. Our results showed that there was no discordance between conventional susceptibility testing and gene detection by multiplex PCR assay. The prevalence of erm(A), erm(C), tetK, tetM, aacA-aphD, vat(A), vat(B) and vat(C) gene among MRSA isolates was 30.9%, 74.5%, 76.4%, 16.4%, 74.5%, 1.8%, 0% and 5.5%, respectively. These MRSA strains belonged to SCCmec types II, III, IVa and V. Rapid and reliable method for antibiotic susceptibility is important to determine the appropriate therapy decision. Multiplex PCR can be used for confirmation of the results obtained by disk diffusion method or could be used as an alternative diagnostic method in the routine diagnosis for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of MRSA associated antibiotic resistance genes.

adwank's picture

Molecular Detection of Nine Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology 01/2014
Year of Publication: 
2014
Authors: 
Ghaleb Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Kamel Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Naser Jarrar
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Alaa Amleh
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

This study aimed to evaluate the relation between the phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the antibiotic resistance genes and to investigate the prevalence of macrolide, lincosamides, streptogramin, aminoglycoside and tetra cycline resistance genes among MRSA isolates. A total of 55 clinical MRSA isolates were included in this study, antibiotic resistance was conducted by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, broth microdilution assay and multiplex PCR technique. Our results showed that there was no discordance between conventional susceptibility testing and gene detection by multiplex PCR assay. The prevalence of erm(A), erm(C), tetK, tetM, aacA-aphD, vat(A), vat(B) and vat(C) gene among MRSA isolates was 30.9%, 74.5%, 76.4%, 16.4%, 74.5%, 1.8%, 0% and 5.5%, respectively. These MRSA strains belonged to SCCmec types II, III, IVa and V. Rapid and reliable method for antibiotic susceptibility is important to determine the appropriate therapy decision. Multiplex PCR can be used for confirmation of the results obtained by disk diffusion method or could be used as an alternative diagnostic method in the routine diagnosis for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of MRSA associated antibiotic resistance genes.

adwank's picture

Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in Three Different Arab World Countries

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). Sep 2013; 3(3): 183–187. Published online Sep 23, 2013. doi:10.1556/EuJMI.3.2013.3.5
Year of Publication: 
2003
Authors: 
Israr Sabri
Master Program in Clinical Laboratory Science (MCLS), Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
Kamel M. Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Tamer A Essawi
Master Program in Clinical Laboratory Science (MCLS), Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
Mohammad A Farraj
Master Program in Clinical Laboratory Science (MCLS), Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in three different Arab world countries (West Bank of Palestine, Jordan, and Iraq) was the aim of the study presented here. This is done on the basis of spa sequencing and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. The majority (92%) of the spa-tested isolates belonged to spa type t932 and possessed the (SCCmec) type III. These data suggest that MRSA clone, which harbors the spa type t932 and (SCCmec) type III, had been transferred throughout the three studied countries.

adwank's picture

Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Ecballium Elaterium against Staphylococcus Aureus and Candida Albicans

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2011, Pages 456–460
Year of Publication: 
2011
Authors: 
Ghaleb Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Yousef Salameh
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Kamel Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Objective To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Ecballium elaterium (E. elaterium) fruits alone against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains and Candida albicans (C. albicans) strains, or in combination with penicillin against Staphylococcus areus strains.
Methods Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity or synergy interaction was carried out using microdilution method.
Results The results showed that ethanolic extract of E. elaterium fruits has antimicrobial activity against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and C. albicans. This extract showed a significant decrease in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of penicillin against both MRSA and MSSA strains. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC) between penicillin and ethanolic extract of E. elaterium fruits against these test strains was less than 0.5.
Conclusions This study suggests that ethanolic extract of E. elaterium fruits has antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans and there is a possibility of concurrent use of penicillin and E. elaterium extract in combination in the treatment of infections caused by MRSA and MSSA strains. A wider study is needed to identify the effective components, the mode of action and the possible toxic effect in vivo of these ingredients.

awni2003's picture

Molecular Analysis and Susceptibility Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Causing Community- And Health Care-Associated Infections In The Northern Region of Palestine

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
American Journal of Infection Control Volume 41, Issue 3, March 2013, Pages 195–198
Year of Publication: 
2013
Authors: 
Kamel Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Naser Jarrar
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Awni Abu-Hijleh
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus. Palestine
Ghaleb Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Elena Awwad
Central Veterinary Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary Services and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Arub, Hebron, Palestine
Yousef Salameh
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Background: Community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a major global problem. This study attempted to investigate the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains among 360 healthy university students at An-Najah National University, Palestine. For the purpose of comparing the staphylococcal cassette chromosome methicillin resistant determinant (SCCmec) type of MRSA, 46 clinical MRSA isolates were also included in this study.
Methods: Susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method. The genetic association of MRSA isolates was investigated by SCCmec typing. A selected number of isolates were also used to amplify and sequence mecA.
Results: Nasal carriage of S aureus was found in 86 of 360 students (24%). MRSA accounted for 9% of S aureus isolates. All 86 strains of S aureus were sensitive to vancomycin. Resistance to penicillin G, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and clindamycin was found in 98%, 93%, 33%, 23%, and 12% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance rates of the MRSA isolates were as follows: 100% resistant to penicillin G and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 96% to ethromycin, 52% to clindamycin, and 48% to ciprofloxacin. No vancomycin-resistant isolates were identified. In our study, nearly half (52%) of the MRSA isolates belonged to SCCmec types IVa and V. However, SCCmec types II and III are represented by 48%, whereas SCCmec type I was completely absent.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate the existence of SCCmec type IVa in both student nasal carriers and health care settings. This emphasizes the need for implementation of a revised set of control measures in both settings. Moreover, the rational prescription of appropriate antibiotics should also be considered.

adwang's picture

Molecular Analysis And Susceptibility Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Causing Community- And Health Care-Associated Infections In The Northern Region of Palestine

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
American Journal of Infection Control Volume 41, Issue 3, March 2013, Pages 195–198
Year of Publication: 
2013
Authors: 
Kamel Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Naser Jarrar
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Awni Abu-Hijleh
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Ghaleb Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus. Palestine
Elena Awwad
Yousef Salameh
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Background Community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a major global problem. This study attempted to investigate the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains among 360 healthy university students at An-Najah National University, Palestine. For the purpose of comparing the staphylococcal cassette chromosome methicillin resistant determinant (SCCmec) type of MRSA, 46 clinical MRSA isolates were also included in this study.
Methods Susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method. The genetic association of MRSA isolates was investigated by SCCmec typing. A selected number of isolates were also used to amplify and sequence mecA. Results Nasal carriage of S aureus was found in 86 of 360 students (24%). MRSA accounted for 9% of S aureus isolates. All 86 strains of S aureus were sensitive to vancomycin. Resistance to penicillin G, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and clindamycin was found in 98%, 93%, 33%, 23%, and 12% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance rates of the MRSA isolates were as follows: 100% resistant to penicillin G and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 96% to ethromycin, 52% to clindamycin, and 48% to ciprofloxacin. No vancomycin-resistant isolates were identified. In our study, nearly half (52%) of the MRSA isolates belonged to SCCmec types IVa and V. However, SCCmec types II and III are represented by 48%, whereas SCCmec type I was completely absent.
Conclusion The findings of this study indicate the existence of SCCmec type IVa in both student nasal carriers and health care settings. This emphasizes the need for implementation of a revised set of control measures in both settings. Moreover, the rational prescription of appropriate antibiotics should also be considered. 

adwank's picture

Molecular Analysis And Susceptibility Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Causing Community- And Health Care-Associated Infections In The Northern Region of Palestine

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
American Journal of Infection Control xxx (2012) 1-4
Year of Publication: 
2013
Authors: 
Kamel Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus. Palestine
Naser Jarrar
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Awni Abu-Hijleh
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Ghaleb Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Elena Awwad
Central Veterinary Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary Services and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Palestine
Yousef Salameh
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 
The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains among 360 healthy university students at An-Najah National University, Palestine. For the purpose of comparing the staphylococcal cassette Q4 chromosome methicillin resistant determinant (SCCmec) type of MRSA, 46 clinical MRSA isolates were also included in this study. Nasal carriage of S aureus was found in 86 of 360 students (24%.) MRSA accounted for 9% of S aureus isolates. All 86 strains of S aureus were sensitive to vancomycin. Resistance to penicillin G, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and clindamycin was found in 98%, 93%, 33%, 23%, and 12% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance rates of the MRSA isolates were as follows: 100% resistant to penicillin G and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 96% to ethromycin, 52% to clindamycin, and 48% to ciprofloxacin. No vancomycin-resistant isolates were identified. In our study, nearly half (52%) of the MRSA isolates belonged to SCCmec types IVa and V. However, SCCmec types II and III are represented by 48%, whereas SCCmec type I was completely absent. These findings indicate the existence of SCCmec type IVa in both student nasal carriers and health care settings. This emphasizes the need for implementation of a revised set of control measures in both settings. Moreover, the rational prescription of appropriate antibiotics should also be considered.
Naser Jarrar's picture

Molecular Analysis And Susceptibility Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Causing Community- And Health Care-Associated Infections In The Northern Region of Palestine

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
American Journal of Infection Control Volume 41, Issue 3, March 2013, Pages 195–198
Year of Publication: 
2013
Authors: 
Kamel Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Naser Jarrar
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus. Palestine
Awni Abu-Hijleh
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Ghaleb Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Elena Awwad
Central Veterinary Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary Services and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Arub, Hebron, Palestine
Yousef Salameh
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Background: Community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a major global problem. This study attempted to investigate the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains among 360 healthy university students at An-Najah National University, Palestine. For the purpose of comparing the staphylococcal cassette chromosome methicillin resistant determinant (SCCmec) type of MRSA, 46 clinical MRSA isolates were also included in this study.
Methods: Susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method. The genetic association of MRSA isolates was investigated by SCCmec typing. A selected number of isolates were also used to amplify and sequence mecA. Results  Nasal carriage of S aureus was found in 86 of 360 students (24%). MRSA accounted for 9% of S aureus isolates. All 86 strains of S aureus were sensitive to vancomycin. Resistance to penicillin G, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and clindamycin was found in 98%, 93%, 33%, 23%, and 12% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance rates of the MRSA isolates were as follows: 100% resistant to penicillin G and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 96% to ethromycin, 52% to clindamycin, and 48% to ciprofloxacin. No vancomycin-resistant isolates were identified. In our study, nearly half (52%) of the MRSA isolates belonged to SCCmec types IVa and V. However, SCCmec types II and III are represented by 48%, whereas SCCmec type I was completely absent.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the existence of SCCmec type IVa in both student nasal carriers and health care settings. This emphasizes the need for implementation of a revised set of control measures in both settings. Moreover, the rational prescription of appropriate antibiotics should also be considered.

bassamas's picture

In Vitro Activity of Certain Drugs in combination with Plant Extracts Against staphylococcus Aureus Infections

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Pak J Med Sci, Vol. 24 No. 4
Year of Publication: 
2008
Authors: 
Bassam Ali Abu-Shanab
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah N. University, Nablus, PALESTINE
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Animal Production and Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Ghaleb Mohammad Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah N. University, P. O. Box (7)-Nablus
Kamel Mohammad Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah N. University, P. O. Box (7)-Nablus
Preferred Abstract (Original): 
Objectives: This study has been done to evaluate the interaction between ethanolic extracts ofRhus coriaria (seed) , Psidium guajava (Leaf), Lawsonia inermis (Leaf) and Sacropoterium spinosum(seed) and antimicrobial drugs including oxytetracycline HCl, enrofloxacin, gentamicin sulphateand sulfadimethoxine against four clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Methodology: Evaluation of the interaction between ethanolic extracts and differentantimicrobial agents has been done using well-diffusion method.Results: It showed that ethanolic extracts increase the inhibition zones of oxytetracycline HCl,gentamicin sulphate, and sulfadimethoxine, while combinations between these plant extractsand enrofloxacin decrease inhibition zone.Conclusion: This study probably suggests the possibility of concurrent use of these antimicrobialdrugs and plant extracts in combination in treating infections caused by S. aureus strains or atleast the concomitant administration may not impair the antimicrobial activity of theseantibiotics.
adwang's picture

Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Ecballium Elaterium Against Staphylococcus Aureus And Candida Albicans

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2011, Pages 456-460
Year of Publication: 
2011
Authors: 
Ghaleb Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah N. University, P. O. Box (7)-Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus. Palestine
Yousef Salameh
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah N. University, P. O. Box (7)-Nablus, Palestine
Kamel Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah N. University, P. O. Box (7)-Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Objective  To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Ecballium elaterium (E. elaterium) fruits alone against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains and Candida albicans (C. albicans) strains, or in combination with penicillin against Staphylococcus areus strains. Methods  Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity or synergy interaction was carried out using microdilution method.
Results  The results showed that ethanolic extract of E. elaterium fruits has antimicrobial activity against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and C. albicans. This extract showed a significant decrease in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of penicillin against both MRSA and MSSA strains. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC) between penicillin and ethanolic extract of E. elaterium fruits against these test strains was less than 0.5.
Conclusions  This study suggests that ethanolic extract of E. elaterium fruits has antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans and there is a possibility of concurrent use of penicillin and E. elaterium extract in combination in the treatment of infections caused by MRSA and MSSA strains. A wider study is needed to identify the effective components, the mode of action and the possible toxic effect in vivo of these ingredients.

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