Palestine

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Prevalence of Microorganisms Associated with Intramammary Infection in Cows and Small Ruminants in the North of Palestine

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Journal of the Islamic University of Gaza, (Series of Natural Studies & Engineering) Vol 13, No. 1, P. 165-173
Year of Publication: 
2005
Authors: 
Rateb Aref
Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah N. University
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Ghaleb Adwan
Assistant Professor, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah University
Dauod Abusafieh
Research Assistant, Faculty of Agriculture, An-Najah N. University
Jamal Abo Omar
Assistant professor, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah University
Preferred Abstract (Original): 
  • This study was undertaken to determine aetiology and prevalence of subclinical mastitis in manually and mechanically milked animals in the north of Palestine. Milk samples from animals with bacterial infection of the mammary gland showed significantly higher somatic cell count (SCC) than did the corresponding milk from healthy animals, which (1,420±100 X103 cells/ml; vs. 330±35 X103 cells/ml; 1650±155 X103 cells/ml vs. 490±40 X103 cells/ml; 520±50 X103 cells/ml vs. 140±25 X103 cells/ml) for ewes, goats and cows, respectively. The prevalence of bacterial isolation of the milk from goats (n = 25), sheep (n = 40) and cows («=220) from several major herds was determined. Culturing for bacteria revealed that 52 %, 72.5% and 59.1% of tested goats, sheep and cows had subclinical  mastitis,

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Toxigenicity of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates from Northern Palestine

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Emirates Medical Journal (2006); 24(2):127-129
Year of Publication: 
2006
Authors: 
Bassam Ali Abu-Shanab
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Animal Production and Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Ghaleb Mohammad Adwan
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah N. University, P. O. Box (7)-Nablus, Palestine
Kamel Mohammad Adwan
Department Of Biology And Biotechnology, An-Najah N. University, P. O. Box (7)-Nablus, Palestine
Naser Rushdi Jarrar
Department Of Biology And Biotechnology, An-Najah N. University, P. O. Box (7)-Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

A total of 68 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different human clinical samples in the North of Palestine were examined to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes A (sea), B (seb), C (sec), D (sed) and (see). Of the total isolates examined, 41.2% (28/68) were enterotoxigenic S. aureus. Twelve strains (42.9%) of enterotoxigenic S. aureus harbored seagene, ten strains (35.7%) were carried see- gene, six strains (21.4%) were positive for sec-gene. None of these enterotoxigenic S. aureus isolates harbored more than one of toxin genes. The presence of these toxin genes and other genes not be detected here might play a role in process of pathogenesis of S. aureus disease other than food poisoning but this cannot be substantiated by the results of the present study

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Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk for Human Consumption in Palestinian

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) , Vol 9, No 3 (2012)
Year of Publication: 
2012
Authors: 
Ibrahim Mahmoud AL ZUHEIR
Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Jamal Abo OMAR
Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Agriculture, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Agriculture, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

The absences or insufficient food control program result in the occurrence of mycotoxin in milk and milk products, which poses a serious risk for humans and can be a public health concern. This study was conducted to highlight the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in Palestine raw milk collected at farms from Tulkarm, Nablus and Jenin. Aflatoxin M1 was determined by direct competitive ELISA technique. 85 % (34 of 40) of the total examined raw milk samples tested were positive. The aflatoxin M1 contamination levels were between 3 - 80 ppt with a mean of 29.57 ppt. There was a high incidence rate with 92 % (11 of 12) and the highest means of contaminated with aflatoxin M1 in the samples tested in Tulkarm city (P ≤ 0.05). 20 % of the analyzed samples (8 of 40) exceeded the maximum permissible limit (50 ppt) in European Codex, with a range of 2 - 80 ppt.

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Effect of IUD (Intrauterine Device) on Reproductive Tract Infection (Rti) In the Northern West Bank

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, 2004; Vol . 5 (5)
Year of Publication: 
2004
Authors: 
Samar Ghazal
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Mohammed Musmar
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Mariam Amer Isma’el AL-Tell
Unicef Project Supervisor in North West Bank
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Background: Intra uterine device (IUD) is one of the most popular methods of contraception among Palestinian women. Reproductive  Tract Infection (RTI) is one of the main problems associated with IUD use. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between RTI related symptoms &IUD use. Methods: We interviewed two hundred women (134 IUD users and 66 non-IUD users) from Ministry of Health (MOH) family planning (FP) clinics in Northern West Bank/Palestine. A questionnaire about RTI related symptoms was filled, then cervical swab samples were collected & cultured for aerobic bacteria. A scoring system for vaginal discharge symptoms and overall RTI related symptoms was developed, all data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: High number (87%) of women in the study reported vaginitis or RTI symptoms. There was a significant difference in alteration of vaginal discharge (P=0.003), and presence of RTI related symptoms (P=0.000) among IUD users in comparison to non-users. However there was no statistically significant relationship between alteration of vaginal discharge and type of isolated bacteria (P=0.266), nor was a relation between RTI related symptoms and IUD type (P=0.568). Conclusion: Vaginitis and RTI are common problems among women in Palestine, with a high association between IUD use and these types of infection. A protocol for diagnosis and treatment needs to be developed by MOH and other health organizations in Palestine.

Hassan's picture

Status of Date Palm in Palestine

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Options Mediterraneennes No. A- 28.1996 81-84
Year of Publication: 
1995
Authors: 
H. ABU-QAOUD
An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Plant Production and Protection,Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Palestine has a Mediterranean climate which is characterized by long, hot, dry summers  and short, cool, rainy winters. The total area of the West Bank is about 6 million donums (1 donum =  0.1 hectare), of which 30% is cultivated, while the total area of the Gaza Strip is 365,000 donums, of  which 55% is cultivated. Date palm is cultivated in a small area in the West Bank (about 500 donums  in Jericho) and 2,200 donums in Gaza. The total annual production of date palm in those areas is 3,000  tons. This amount is about 10% of the dates consumed in the West Bank and Gaza. Most of the date  palms planted in Jericho are grown from seeds and called Baladi. These trees produce different fruit  sizes and colours with high genetic diversity. Some of these trees are also old (more than 50 years)  therefore their ability to produce offshoots has been reduced. New cultivars which have been  established in the area (‘Medjool’, ‘Barhee’ and ’Deglet Nour’) proved to grow well under Jericho  conditions. In Gaza, 90% of date trees are of ’Hayani’ variety, while the rest 10% are of other varieties.  Among the difficulties facing date palm culture in Jericho and Gaza are : (i) the limited amount of water  available for agriculture; (i) fertilization and pollination problems; (iii) the lack of genetic diversity,  especially in Gaza; (¡v) the lack of good propagation systems; and (v) the lack of comprehensive  planning for the agricultural sector in Gaza and Jericho  

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Causes of traumatic brain injury in patients admitted to Rafidia, Al-Ittihad and the specialized Arab hospitals, Palestine, 2006–2007

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Brain Injury, 2011, Vol. 25, No. 3 : Pages 282-291
Year of Publication: 
2011
Authors: 
Rafif Younis
School Health Division, Directorate of Education, Nablus
Mustafa Younis
Health Economics & Finance, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
Samer Hamidi
Health Systems Management, School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamadan Bin Mohammad E-University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Mohamed Musmar
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Anthony R. Mawson, MA, DrPH
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA (Chalfont LLC, Mississippi, USA)
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Primary objective: The eruption of Al-Aqsa Intifada created a war situation in Palestine, increasing the number of firearms injuries caused by occupying Israeli forces as well as disabling head injuries. No data were available to the Palestinian Ministry of Health and other health organizations on traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Palestine. This study, therefore, sought to determine the causes and outcomes of TBI in patients who were admitted to three hospitals in Nablus, Palestine.
Research design: Retrospective review of medical records and contacts with patients and/or caregivers.
Methods and procedures: The medical records of patients who were diagnosed with TBI (n  = 312) and admitted to any one of the three hospitals in 2006 and 2007 were reviewed. Data were also obtained from follow-up home visits and telephone calls with consenting patients and/or caregivers.
Main outcomes and results: The major causes of TBI were assault (33%), falls (32.1%), road traffic crashes (29.8%) and impacts from heavy objects (3.2%). Gunshot wounds are a major cause of head injury in Palestine.
Conclusions: The study shows that assault with firearms is the most frequent cause of TBI in this population and that patients with head injuries due to assault have poorer outcomes at discharge than those injured in other ways.


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Frequency and Attitudes of Using Hair Dyes among Palestinian Women

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN - 0975 - 1491 Vol 5 , Suppl 2, 2013
Year of Publication: 
2013
Authors: 
ABDEL NASER ZAID
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
ROWA’ AL-RAMAHI
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
ABEER ABU GHOUSH
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
NIDAL JARADAT
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
MOHAMMED MUSMAR
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Objective :  The objectives of the study were to identify the rate of using hair dyes among Palestinian women, preferences, motivations and attitudes  towards their use.
Methods:  A cross - sectional study was conducted between May and July 2011. A self - admi nistered questionnaire was used .
Results:  Among 200 females interviewed , 149 (74.5%) said that  they used hair dyes. Their reasons were to hide gray hair in 35 (23.5%), to improve  the outlook in 36 (24.2%), and to change and to follow the new trends in 78 (52.3%). Natural dye s (henna) were the choice for 38.9% . The main  reason behind the preference o f natural dyes was the belief they are safe r than chemical dyes.  A small percentage  used hair dyes during pregnancy,  and 21.5% thought that hair dyes may cause cancer.
Conclusion:  Use of hair dye is very common among females. The public should be informed about the risks associated with excessive hair dye use. Women should understand that natural dyes  such as henna  are not completely free from side effects. It is important to include  information on  the  ingredients on hair coloring packs and mention possibl e side effects  of both chemical and natural  hair dyes .

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Epidimiology of Aerobic Bacterial Infections Among IUD (Intrauterine ‎Device) Users in the Northern West Bank

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences - Volume 18, Issue 1, 2004
Year of Publication: 
2004
Authors: 
Samar Ghazal
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Mohammed Musmar
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Mariam AL-Tell
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Intra uterine device (IUD) is the most popular method of contraception among Palestinian women. It is one of the very effective contraceptive methods with very small failure rate. Infection has been the main problem that faces women using IUD all over the world. The aim of this study is to explore the epidemiological pattern of aerobic bacterial infections among IUD users in Northern West Bank /Palestine. A study sample included two hundred women (134 IUD users and 66 non-IUD users) from MOH (Ministry of Health) FP (family planning) clinics. These women were randomly selected, interviewed, then cervical swabs were collected and cultured for aerobic bacteria, all data were analyzed using SPSS software. The study results showed overall significant higher rate of isolated bacteria among IUD users compared to non-users (P value < 0.05), with a significant relationship between infection and the type of IUD. However there was no overall significance in relation to duration of use (P value > 0.05). More than 50% of the positive culture results were predominant bacteria, and some 40% were potentially pathogenic. ? Hemolytic streptococcus was the most frequent of the former and E. Coli of the latter. Overall the study results were consistent with the current literature.

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Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis and it’s Risk Factors Among An-Najah University Students - Nablus, Pakistan

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
MEJFM - Volume 5, Issue 4/5 - June/July 2007
Year of Publication: 
2007
Authors: 
Dr. Samar Ghazal/Musmar
Consultant, Family Medicine, NGHAKH ,Al-Hasa, KSA, and Clinical Assistant Professor, Family Medicine, An-Najah University College of Medicine
Dr. Mohammed Musmar
Associate Professor An-Najah University College of pharmacy
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
W. A.Minawi
Instructor, An-Najah University
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Background:  Inhalant allergic conditions such as seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis are becoming quite common. The effect of allergy  on an individual’s quality of life and the extent to which it may restrict daily activities is often overlooked.  Controlling allergies can significantly decrease health care cost. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis  among young adults in Palestine represented by An- Najah University students.
Methods:  The study sample consisted of around 1000 (52% females, & 48% males) randomly selected students from all colleges of the  University. Data were collected through structured interview including questionnaire filling. All data were analysed using SPSS program  applying Chi-square test, with 95 % level of significant (P value = 0.05).
Results:  Allergic rhinitis prevalence rate was 3.1 and the percentage of patients who reported to have allergic rhinitis was 38.1%; there was  no statistically significant association between allergic rhinitis and gender, smoking, place of living, and other housing conditions. On the  other hand the relationship between allergic rhinitis and weight loss, deep sleeping, chronic respiratory infections, nasal polyps, anxiety, and  sleep apnoea was a statistically significant relationship (p value < 0.05). The triggers that have a large effect on the health of the population  sample for allergic rhinitis were respiratory infections, tyre burning and war gases, house dust, strong odours, auto exhaust, smoke and  weather changes (49.7%, 49 .1 %, 46.7%, 40.6 %, 33.9%, 33.8%, 34.2%), respectively.
Conclusion:  Results show relatively lower allergic rhinitis prevalence in Palestine compared to some neighbouring countries, but were  consistent with studies done in Turkey. The results confirmed the strong relationship of Allergic Rhinitis and respiratory infections and  Asthma 

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Housing Environment and Women's Health in a Palestinian Refugee Camp

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
International Journal of Environmental Health Research Volume 15, Issue 3, 2005
Year of Publication: 
2005
Authors: 
Issam A Al-Khatib
Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, West Bank
Rania N Arafat
An-Najah National University , West Bank, Palestine
Mohamed Musmar
An-Najah National University , West Bank, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

This study was carried out during January and February 2002 in Al- Ein Refugee Camp in Nablus city in Palestine. Interviews were held with 150 women of different age groups and different marital status. The results show a positive relationship between women's physical and mental health and housing conditions. There is a statistically significant relationship between the family size represented by the number of children in the household, the number of children that sleep in one room, and the number of children that sleep in one bed, the house size, and number of rooms and women's feeling of privacy (mental health and well-being). Most of the houses in the camp are unhealthy and overcrowded. The family income is very low and there is a general poor health status of women in the camp. Most of the women do not know the conditions of a healthy house. The study shows the importance of housing reforms on the health of the family in general and women's health in particular, mainly in refugee camps.

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