gentamicin

Waleed Sweileh's picture

Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Strains Isolated from Patients with Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections: An Exploratory Study in Palestine

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2011, 6(4):304-7
Year of Publication: 
2011
Authors: 
Sweileh WM
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Abu-Taha AS
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

No studies about resistance of bacteria isolated from patients with community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) or local guidelines for antibiotic use in these infections have been published or established in the West Bank, Palestine. The objectives of this study were to determine the (1) type and frequency of isolated bacteria and (2) their resistance to commonly used antibiotics.

METHODS:

A cross sectional study on community urinary isolates was carried out in Nablus, Palestine between November 2009 and April 2010. A convenience sampling method was used for collection of specimens.

RESULTS:

A total of 375 specimens were collected from 306 (81.6%) females and 69 (18.4%) males. Three hundred and thirty nine (90.4%) of isolated uropathogens were Gram-negative bacteria, of which 243 (71.7%) were Escherichia coli. Thirty six (9.6 %) of the total isolates were Gram-positive bacteria, of which 21 (58.3%) were Staphylococcus saprophyticus. High resistance rates were recorded for E. coli against trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (37%), nitrofurantoin (29%), ampicillin (65%), and nalidixic acid (37%). E. coli showed low resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone with rates of 12.2, 17.2, 11.1, and 11.1% respectively.

CONCLUSION:

E. coli was the most frequent bacterium in the studied sample and showed high resistance to first-line antibiotics. Our results highlight the need for developing local guidelines where elevated resistance to antibiotics should influence prescribing decisions.

Waleed Sweileh's picture

Gender Differences in Aminoglycoside Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Prospective, Hospital - Based Study

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Current Clinical Pharmacology, 4, 229-232
Year of Publication: 
2009
Authors: 
Waleed M. Sweileh
Faculty of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Aim: Impact of gender on aminoglycoside induced nephrotoxicity is still controversial and inconclusive. The objective of this study was to investigate the nephrotoxic potential of amikacin (AK) and gentamicin (GM) in male and female hospitalized patients.
Methodology: A one-year, non-interventional prospective study of patients administered either GM or AK. The study was carried out at the internal medicine department of Al-Watani governmental hospital. Nephrotoxicity was defined as a blood creatinine (Cr) increase of >= 0.5 mg/ dL from the basal (normal) Cr level. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 16.
Results: A total of 94 patients were identified (GM, n = 45 and AK, n = 49). Male and female patients on GM had comparable characteristics except that males had significantly higher number of co-existing chronic diseases. No gender differences were observed in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity (37% in males versus 33.3% in females, P = 0.8). Male and female patients on AK were also comparable in demographic and clinical characteristics. However, significant differences in gender susceptibility were observed with AK induced nephrotoxicity (31.6% in females versus 6.7% in males, P = 0.043). Pattern of serum creatinine changes in patients on GM were comparable between males and females. However, in females on AK, s.cr levels were rising sharply after the fourth day compared with that in male patients on AK.

Waleed Sweileh's picture

A Prospective Comparative Study of Gentamicin- and Amikacin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Patients with Normal Baseline Renal Function

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Fundam Clin Pharmacol., 23(4):515-20
Year of Publication: 
2009
Authors: 
Waleed M. Sweileh
Clinical Pharmacology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

The aim of this study was to compare the nephrotoxic potential of amikacin (AK) and gentamicin (GM) in patients with normal baseline renal function. This study was a 1-year, non-interventional prospective study of patients administered either GM or AK. The study was carried out at the internal medicine department of Al-Watani governmental study. Nephrotoxicity was defined as a serum creatinine (SCr) increase of >or=0.5 mg/dL from the basal (normal) SCr level. The two groups (GM, n = 45 and AK, n = 49) were similar in population composition, and underlying pathological and infectious processes requiring antimicrobials. No significant difference in age was found between patients in the GM and AK groups, P = 0.83. Patients in the GM group received comparatively lower doses than those in the AK group (mean = 2.5 mg/kg/day and 14.4 mg/kg/day, respectively) but the duration of treatment was similar. Sixteen of 45 patients receiving GM (35.6%) and eight of 49 patients receiving AK (16.3%) developed nephrotoxicity, P = 0.033. Single daily dosing with GM, regardless of the total daily dose, produced less nephrotoxicity than multiple dosing. In contrast, AK given at a total dose of 1 g daily, showed no benefit of single dosing compared with multiple dosing. In patients with initial normal renal function, GM was significantly more nephrotoxic than AK. Multiple dosing of GM was more nephrotoxic than single dosing. AK-induced nephrotoxicity was not significantly dependent on dosing frequency.

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