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Marwan Mahmoud's picture

Simulation of a Hybrid Power System Consisting of Wind Turbine, PV, Storage Battery and Diesel Generator: Design, Optimization and Economical Evaluation

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
IJEE Vol.1 No.1 2011 PP.56-61
Year of Publication: 
2011
Authors: 
Abdel-Karim Daud
Electrical Engineering Department, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
M. Ismail
Electrical Engineering Department, Technical University-Kadoorie, Tulkarm, Palestine
Walid Kukhun
Hisham Hijjawi College, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Marwan Mahmoud
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, An-Najah National University, Nablus. Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, An-Najah National University, Nablus. Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

 Hybrid power systems are based on renewable energysources and especially on photovoltaic and wind energy systems.Software package is used to analyze measuring data for windspeed and solar radiation of two locations in Palestine(Ramallah and Nablus). Results of analysis illustrate thatenergy density available in wind for Ramallah site is about 2008  kWh/ mP2.year, while it is 927 kWh/m2 .year for Nablus site. Thedaily average of solar radiation intensity on horizontal surfaceis about 5.4 kWh/m2 .day. A Matlab software package is used to  simulate different scenarios of operation of the hybrid  system by making energy balance calculations on an hourly basis foreach of the 8760 hours in a year. This enable  to  choose the appropriate sizes of the different components for the most optimum  scenario. The optimization is based on cost of generation. Results of the simulation illustrate that the most economic scenario is the scenario that uses a hybrid systemmainly dependent on wind. Cost of energy (COE) in thisscenario is 1.28 NIS/kWh(͠   0.35 $/kWh). Other scenariosdependent on wind-diesel hybrid system, PV-diesel  hybrid system, wind stand-alone system, PV stand-alone system, or diesel only, give results of COE greater than this value. It wasconcluded that none of the hybrid system scenarios analyzedcould be justified to replace  purchasing of electricity from thegrid where the COE is 0.70 NIS/kWh(0.19 $/kWh).

2052's picture

Effects, on Growth and Uptake Distribution, of Root and Foliar Treatments of Marrow Plants with Cadmium and Lead Solutions

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology Volume 27, Issue 8, 1992
Year of Publication: 
1992
Authors: 
Radi Salim
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
J. Hagemeyer
Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, D-4800 bielefld 1, Germany
M.M. Al‐Subu
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
A. Atallah
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
L. Chenavier
Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, D-4800 bielefld 1, Germany
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

In this study the effects of root and foliar treatments of marrow plants with cadmium and lead solutions on the growth of the various parts of plant (roots, stem, leaves and fruits) have been studied. Growth inhibition of the various parts of treated plants has been compared with each other and for the two types of treatment. The toxicity of cadmium on the growth of plant has been compared with the toxicity of lead on the various parts of plants treated by root or by foliar‐treatment with metal ions.
Cadmium and lead uptake by plants and the distribution of this uptake between the various parts of treated plants have been determined and commented on.
Percentages of cadmium or lead taken by plant from the total amount of cadmium or lead added during treatment have been calculated and found to be very small. This percentage has been found to be higher in foliar‐treated plants and from dilute solutions than in root‐treated plants and from more concentrated cadmium or lead solutions.

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