Reverse Osmosis
The Study of Electrolyte Leakage from Barley (Hordeum vulgare L) and Pearlmillet Using Plant Growth Promotion (PGPR) and Reverse Osmosis
Sun, 2015-08-23 08:00 — Raed AlkowniThe effect of water stress induced on cell membrane stability was examined in two plants, (Hordeum vulgare L) and Pearlmilletusingplant growth promotion(PGPR). Brackish water as byproduct from reverse osmosis plant (RO) after desalination process, considered as unfriendly environmentally impact and affects agriculture growth. It contains significant concentrations of dissolved salts ions such as Na+, Cl- , Ca2+, Mg2+, K1+, SO2-, and CO32- as major ions. Total dissolved salts (TDS) of these ions ranged from (5000 mg/L -10000 mg/L). Salt ions accumulation was found to be increased in shoots of barly and pearlmillet (159.09mmol, 179.73mmol) /0.114m2 of pots while TDS for decant water decreased to reach (0.101 mg/L). Electrolyte leakage assay showed that plant treated with PGPRs resulted in same values for trials treated with fresh water and less electrolyte leakage from membrane equal to 304 mg/L. The novel results of this research study that carried for the first time where PGPRs Pseudomonas putida (UW3 and UW4) had been used for improving the phytoremediation activities of two salt tolerant plants: Barley (Hordeum valgare L.) and Pearlmillet plants had showed a very clear and significant improvements of high salt uptake and thus high phytoremediation activities of these plants once they were treated with PGPRs.
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Preparation of Thin-Film-Composite Polyamide Membranes for Desalination Using Novel Hydrophilic Surface Modifying Macromolecules
Wed, 2015-03-11 15:37 — Hassan ArafatA new concept for the preparation of thin-film-composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane by interfacial polymerization on porous polysulfone (PS) support using novel additives is reported. Hydrophilicsurface modifying macromolecules (LSMM) were synthesized both ex situ by conventional method (cLSMM), and in situ within the organic solvent of the TFC system (iLSMM). The effects of these LSMMs on the fouling of the TFC RO membranes used in the desalination processes were studied. FTIR results indicated that both cLSMM and iLSMM were present in the active layer of the TFC membranes. SEM micrographs depicted that heterogeneity of the surface increases for TFC membranes compared to the control PS membrane, and that higher concentrations of LSMM provided smoother surface. AFM characteristic data presented that the surface roughness of the skin surface increases for TFC membranes compared to the control. The RO performance results showed that the addition of the cLSMM significantly decreased the salt rejection of the membrane and slightly reduced the flux, while in the case of the iLSMM, salt rejection was improved but the flux declined at different rates for different iLSMM concentrations. The membrane prepared by the iLSMM exhibited less flux decay over an extended operational period.
Performance of A Photovoltaic Powered Reverse-Osmosis System Under Local Climatic Conditions
Tue, 2010-05-04 12:25 — Mohammed Khaled Abu-HilalIn addition to shortage of fresh water resources, Jordan is suffering from shortages in recoverable commercial energy sources such as crude oil and natural gas. The limited energy sources in Jordan makes considering renewable energy options such as solar power very attractive, especially for remote areas. This will be extremely important for small-scale applications. Due to prevailing tough conditions, such as low water quality and shortage in supplies, there is a large demand for small desalination units, not only in locations not connected to a water supply network, but also as units for additional or independent supply. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the potential of the development of water desalination using photovoltaic powered system in Jordan. A testing rig was built, where a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system driven by photovoltaic power is used. The RO unit consists of a five-micron sediment filter that is made of polypropylene, two active carbon filters with 1–2 micrometer hole diameter, and one polyamide TFC membrane. The system is mechanically powered, directly coupling the photovoltaic power system to a DC motor, which is coupled to a pump that is capable of providing sufficient torque to run the RO system. Two PV arrays are connected in series and tilted a 32[1]to the south. To study the effect of tracking on the performance of the system, a one-axis east–west tracking flat plate photovoltaic is constructed. Results for both, the fixed flat plate and the one-axis tracking system were compared. Output electrical current, voltage and power of pump’s motor were measured. Pure water flow rate, TDS and PH of produced water were measured for both systems. Analysis of results show that a gain of 25 and 15% of electrical power and pure water flow, respectively, could be achieved using the east–west one-axis tracking system compared with fixed flat plate.
