Surgical site infection is a major contributor to increased mortality and health care costs globally which can be reduced by appropriate antibiotic prophylactic use. In Palestine, there is no published data about preoperative antibiotic use. This study aims to find the pattern of antimicrobial prophylaxis use by evaluating time of the first dose, antibiotic selection and duration after surgery in three governmental hospitals in North West Bank/ Palestine during 2011.
After approval of Institutional Review Board, a prospective cohort study included a total of 400 abdominal, orthopedic, and gynecological operations which were performed during study period. Trained clinical pharmacists observed selected 301 operations and followed the patient’s files for the three intended study parameters. Compliance of prophylactic antibiotic administration was evaluated according to published guidelines of the American Society for Hospital Pharmacist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 applying descriptive methods. Relationship between guideline compliance and selected operation factors such as type of surgery, patient care unit, and hospital shift, in addition to provider’s age, gender, experience, and specialization were examined applying chi square test. The statistically significant factors with p < 0.01 were further analyzed using logistic regression model.
Overall compliance for the studied parameters was very low (2%); only 59.8% received their first dose in appropriate time, 18.5% had appropriate antibiotic selection, and 31.8% of patients received antibiotic in appropriate duration. The OBGYN department had much better compliance regarding timing and duration of antibiotic use (P < 0.001), however the proper antibiotic selection was best adhered to for the abdominal surgeries (OR = 3.64, P = 0.002). Male providers were statistically significantly much less adherent to the timing of antibiotic dose (OR = 0.28, p < 0.001), but better adherent in antibiotic selection (OR = 0.191, p = 0.028). Anesthetic technicians showed higher compliance than nurses in timing and duration of antibiotic use.
Lack of guidelines explains the low adherence to appropriate surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in Palestine, with high rate of broad spectrum antibiotic use, long duration and inappropriate time of first dose .We recommend adopting guidelines for prophylaxis and training all health care providers accordingly.
Palestine is a small newly established state in the Middle East. The objective of this study was to assess the quantity and quality of research output from Palestine after Oslo peace accords. The data used for this study were retrieved from Scopus database (officially known as Sciverse Scopus). Bibliometric analysis was used to identify the pattern of publication, relative growth rate, authorship pattern, collaborative measures, author's productivity, most prolific authors, and most prolific journals. A total of 3,585 published documents were retrieved from Palestine. A steady increase was observed after 2001. The h-index of the retrieved documents was 57. Fifty-three (1.48%) documents were published in Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, whereas 52 (1.45%) and 49 (1.37%) documents were published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology and Asian Journal of Chemistry, respectively. Half of the top 20 journals in which Palestinian researchers had published their articles were un-indexed in Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) web of knowledge. The highest number of documents published by a Palestinian researcher was 79. The main subject area of published documents from Palestine was medicine (717; 20.00%), followed by chemistry (551, 15.37%), and engineering (530, 14.78%). The top countries involved in research collaboration with Palestine were the United States (422, 11.70%), followed by Germany (381; 10.71%), and the United Kingdom (208; 5.83%). There was a significant correlation between number of collaborating countries with Palestine in one hand, and quantity and quality of research activity in Palestine on the other hand. The number of collaborating countries with Palestine increased almost ten-fold from 1995 to 2012. Research output from Palestine showed steady growth since the Oslo peace accords. Research output was high from certain scientific disciplines while was lagging from others. Future emphasis on joint research, international collaboration, and publishing in indexed journals is needed.
Aims The main aims of the study were to investigate
the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with
schizophrenia, to compare it with those published in the general population,
and to assess significant associations with dysglycemia defined as having
either pre-DM or DM.
Methods A cross-sectional study carried out in 4
governmental primary psychiatric healthcare centers in Northern West-Bank,
Palestine. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were
measured. The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for defining pre-DM and
DM were used. Dysglycemia was defined as FBG >110 mg/dl.
Results Based
on WHO criteria, 27 patients (10.8%) had diabetes and 34 (13.6%) had
pre-diabetes. The prevalence of DM in patients with schizophrenia was not
significantly higher than that reported in the general population of Palestine.
However, the prevalence of pre-DM was significantly higher than that reported
in the general population of Palestine. Regression analysis showed that advancing
age and abnormal waist circumference were significant predictors of dysglycemia
in patients with schizophrenia.
Conclusions This study confirmed the
high prevalence of dysglycemia in patients with schizophrenia, supporting the
need for monitoring of blood glucose in this category of patients. The presence
of primary risk factors is more important in the development of dysglycemia in
patients with schizophrenia than exposure to antipsychotic drugs.
Background: Identifying factors associated with adherence is
of great value in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to
investigate medication adherence, beliefs about medicines held by people with
chronic illness and whether beliefs influence medication adherence. Methods:
The study was carried out at primary health care clinic of the Palestinian
Medical Military Services in Nablus, Palestine. The beliefs about medicines
questionnaire was used to assess beliefs and Morisky medication adherence scale
was used to assess adherence.
Results: A total of 187 patients were interviewed. Most participants (79.6%)
agreed or strongly agreed that their medications were necessary for their
current health. However, 58.2% of the participants were concerned about having
to take their medicines on a regular basis and 57.8% were concerned about
becoming dependent on their medicines. None of the demographic and clinical
variables was significantly associated with medication adherence. However,
multivariate analysis showed that patients who had higher beliefs about
medication necessity had higher odds (1.107 [1.023-1.197]) of being adherent.
On the other hand, patients who had higher concern beliefs had lower odds
(0.908 [0.845-0.975]) of being adherent.
Conclusions: Beliefs about medicines are a major contributing factor to
medication adherence.
Background: Identifying factors associated with adherence is
of great value in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to
investigate medication adherence, beliefs about medicines held by people with
chronic illness and whether beliefs influence medication adherence. Methods:
The study was carried out at primary health care clinic of the Palestinian
Medical Military Services in Nablus, Palestine. The beliefs about medicines
questionnaire was used to assess beliefs and Morisky medication adherence scale
was used to assess adherence.
Results: A total of 187 patients were interviewed. Most participants (79.6%)
agreed or strongly agreed that their medications were necessary for their
current health. However, 58.2% of the participants were concerned about having
to take their medicines on a regular basis and 57.8% were concerned about
becoming dependent on their medicines. None of the demographic and clinical
variables was significantly associated with medication adherence. However,
multivariate analysis showed that patients who had higher beliefs about
medication necessity had higher odds (1.107 [1.023-1.197]) of being adherent.
On the other hand, patients who had higher concern beliefs had lower odds
(0.908 [0.845-0.975]) of being adherent.
Conclusions: Beliefs about medicines are a major contributing factor to
medication adherence.
Background: Identifying factors associated with adherence is
of great value in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to
investigate medication adherence, beliefs about medicines held by people with
chronic illness and whether beliefs influence medication adherence. Methods:
The study was carried out at primary health care clinic of the Palestinian
Medical Military Services in Nablus, Palestine. The beliefs about medicines
questionnaire was used to assess beliefs and Morisky medication adherence scale
was used to assess adherence.
Results: A total of 187 patients were interviewed. Most participants (79.6%)
agreed or strongly agreed that their medications were necessary for their
current health. However, 58.2% of the participants were concerned about having
to take their medicines on a regular basis and 57.8% were concerned about
becoming dependent on their medicines. None of the demographic and clinical
variables was significantly associated with medication adherence. However,
multivariate analysis showed that patients who had higher beliefs about
medication necessity had higher odds (1.107 [1.023-1.197]) of being adherent.
On the other hand, patients who had higher concern beliefs had lower odds
(0.908 [0.845-0.975]) of being adherent.
Conclusions: Beliefs about medicines are a major contributing factor to
medication adherence.
This paper investigates the use of satellite data for crop area estimation in the northern part of the , . The satellite data were obtained by the SPOT HRV (High Resolution Visible) on . The satellite data were geometrically corrected to the Palestine Grid using 1: 50,000 Israeli topographic maps. The study investigated the ability of SPOT HRV data to produce accurate crop area estimation of the northern part of the that is characterized with small field sizes and complex physical environment. The study area was divided into five strata and training data were selected using field survey, aerial photographs, maps, and interviewing farmers.