An-Najah Staff

Background Pressure ulcer remains a significant problem in the healthcare system. In addition to the suffering it causes patients, it bears a growing financial burden. Although pressure ulcer prevention and care have improved in recent years, pressure ulcer still exists and occurs in both hospital and community settings. In Jordan, there are a handful of studies on pressure ulcer. This study aims to explore levels of knowledge and knowledge sources about pressure ulcer prevention, as well as barriers to implementing pressure ulcer prevention guidelines among Jordanian nurses.
Methods Using a cross-sectional study design and a self-administered questionnaire, data was collected from 194 baccalaureate and master’s level staff nurses working in eight Jordanian hospitals. From September to October of 2011, their knowledge levels about pressure ulcer prevention and the sources of this knowledge were assessed, along with the barriers which reduce successful pressure ulcer care and prevention.  ANOVA and t-test analysis were used to test the differences in nurses’ knowledge according to participants’ characteristics. Means, standard deviation, and frequencies were used to describe nurses’ knowledge levels, knowledge sources, and barriers to pressure ulcer prevention.
Results The majority (73%, n = 141) of nurses had inadequate knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention. The mean scores of the test for all participants was 10.84 out of 26 (SD = 2.3, range = 5–17), with the lowest score in themes related to PU etiology, preventive measures to reduce amount of pressure/shear, and risk assessment. In-service training was the second source of education on pressure ulcer, coming after university training. Shortage of staff and lack of time were the most frequently cited barriers to carrying out pressure ulcer risk assessment, documentation, and prevention.
Conclusions This study highlights concerns about Jordanian nurses’ knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention. The results of the current study showed inadequate knowledge among Jordanian nurses about pressure ulcer prevention based on National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel guidelines. Also, the low level of nurses’ pressure ulcer knowledge suggests poor dissemination of pressure ulcer knowledge in Jordan, a suggestion supported by the lack of relationship between years of experience and pressure ulcer knowledge.

Aims and objectives.  To examine the incidence of prescribing errors in a main public hospital in Pakistan and to assess the impact of introducing electronic prescribing system on the reduction of their incidence.
Background.  Medication errors are persistent in today’s healthcare system. The impact of electronic prescribing on reducing errors has not been tested in developing world.
Design.  Prospective review of medication and discharge medication charts before and after the introduction of an electronic inpatient record and prescribing system.
Methods.  Inpatient records (n = 3300) and 1100 discharge medication sheets were reviewed for prescribing errors before and after the installation of electronic prescribing system in 11 wards. Results.  Medications (13,328 and 14,064) were prescribed for inpatients, among which 3008 and 1147 prescribing errors were identified, giving an overall error rate of 22·6% and 8·2% throughout paper-based and electronic prescribing, respectively. Medications (2480 and 2790) were prescribed for discharge patients, among which 418 and 123 errors were detected, giving an overall error rate of 16·9% and 4·4% during paper-based and electronic prescribing, respectively.
Conclusion.  Electronic prescribing has a significant effect on the reduction of prescribing errors. Relevance to clinical practice.Prescribing errors are commonplace in Pakistan public hospitals. The study evaluated the impact of introducing electronic inpatient records and electronic prescribing in the reduction of prescribing errors in a public hospital in Pakistan.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of transcription errors in a main public hospital in Pakistan and to test the impact of medication name and dose writing styles and the nurse duty duration on the occurrence of transcription errors.
BACKGROUND: Medication errors occur frequently in public hospitals. Errors occurring at the transcription stage have not been sufficiently investigated.
DESIGN: Medications transcripts and dispensed item labels were prospectively reviewed. In the second stage, nurses (n=25) transcribed medication charts in a double-blind randomised cross-over design administered at one, six and 10 hours after the commencement of their duty.
METHODS. Inpatient (n=1000), discharge patient (n=1000) medication transcripts and labels of dispensed items for (n=1000) transcripts were reviewed. On medication charts, orthographically similar medications (n=20) were written in lowercase and Tall Man, decimal doses were written covered and uncovered, and metric doses were written with and without trailing zeros.
RESULTS: Of the 6583 and 5329 medications transcribed from inpatient and discharge patient charts, error rates were 16·9 and 13·8%, respectively. Labels for 6734 dispensed items were reviewed, and error rate was 6·1%. Tall Man, covered decimal points and avoiding trailing zeros with decimal units significantly reduced transcription errors.
CONCLUSION: Errors increased with increasing nurse duty duration. Highlighting orthographically similar medications and the use of proper decimal and metric units reduce errors.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Transcription errors are highly prevalent in Pakistan public hospitals; therefore, elimination of transcription stage is encouraged.