Households

sameeraa's picture

Traffic Forecasting For Small- To Medium-Sized Urban Areas

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
ITE J. ; Vol/Issue: 56:10
Year of Publication: 
1986
Authors: 
S A. Abu-Eisheth
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, An-Najah National University, Nablus. Palestine
F L. MANNERING
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

In recent years there has been a noticeable shift away from the application of computer-based transportation modeling methods in small- to medium-sized urban areas.^In many cases, this shift has resulted from a disenchantment with the complex modeling methodologies used in the late 1960s and early 1970s.^The expense of such methods, in terms of data collection and computational costs, was simply not worth the marginal improvement in forecasting accuracy over ``quick-response`` methods.^This article describes a recently developed methodological package that can be readily applied to forecast the traffic-related impacts of a wide range of transportation-facility-related improvements.^The package uses some of the most advanced transportation analysis techniques to predict traffic flows and measure the performance of specific highway links and the network as a whole.^In addition, an attempt is made to keep data requirements to a minimum.

Waleed Sweileh's picture

Storage and Wastage of Drug Products in Jordanian Households: A Cross‐Sectional Survey

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Int J Pharm Pract., 21(3):185-91
Year of Publication: 
2012
Authors: 
Sweileh WM
Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Current Affiliation: 
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Abushanab AS
Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Wazaify M.
Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

OBJECTIVE:

Appropriate household storage and use of drug products can reduce drug wastage and unnecessary hazards. We aimed to quantify the amounts and types of medications that were stored in Jordanian households and the extent of drug wastage in terms of the amount and cost of these medications.

METHODS:

The setting was households in Amman, Jordan. This was a cross-sectional survey study using a pre-piloted questionnaire. Family members were interviewed in person about use of drug products, and where drug products were stored. The main outcomes were types, storage methods, cost and quantities of drug products in every household.

KEY FINDINGS:

Two hundred and forty-three households were approached, out of which 219 agreed to participate. A total of 2393 (mean 10.9, SD 5.2) drug products were recorded from the 219 households surveyed. A significant positive correlation was noted between the number of drug products in a household and family size (r = 0.19, P < 0.01), the level of the mother's education (r = 0.24, P < 0.01), the level of the father's education (r = 0.28, P < 0.01) and income (r = 0.14, P = 0.034). Eighty nine (40.6%) households had at least one child younger than 6 years of age, and 1122 (46.9%) drug products were stored in unsafe places in the houses, within the reach of children. More than a quarter of drug products (1509, 27.2%) were not in their original containers, 360 (15%) were unused since dispensing, 261 (10.9%) had expired and 44 (1.8%) had no clear expiry date. We estimated that the cost of drug wastage in the 219 households was US$5414. Paracetamol (202, 8.4%), diclofenac (98, 4.1%) and amoxicillin (79, 3.3%) were the most commonly reportedly stored individual drugs.

CONCLUSION:

Drug products are stored in large quantities in Jordanian households. Unsafe storage practices have the potential to pose safety hazards, especially to children.

Syndicate content