apoptosis

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Biological Effects of 6 mT Static Magnetic Fields: A Comparative Study in Different Cell Types

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Bioelectromagnetics Volume 27, Issue 7, pages 560–577, October 2006
Year of Publication: 
2006
Authors: 
Bernadette Tenuzzo
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Alfonsina Chionna
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Elisa Panzarini
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Remigio Lanubile
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Patrizia Tarantino
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Bruno Di Jeso
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Majdi Dwikat
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Palestine
Luciana Dini
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

The present work was a comparative study of the bio-effects induced by exposure to 6 mT static magnetic field (MF) on several primary cultures and cell lines. Particular attention was dedicated to apoptosis. Cell viability, proliferation, intracellular Ca2+ concentration and morphology were also examined. Primary cultures of human lymphocytes, mice thymocytes and cultures of 3DO, U937, HeLa, HepG2 and FRTL-5 cells were grown in the presence of 6 mT static MF and different apoptosis-inducing agents (cycloheximide, H2O2, puromycin, heat shock, etoposide). Biological effects of static MF exposure were found in all the different cells examined. They were cell type-dependent but apoptotic inducer-independent. A common effect of the exposure to static MF was the promotion of apoptosis and mitosis, but not of necrosis or modifications of the cell shape. Increase of the intracellular levels of Ca2+ ions were also observed. When pro-apoptotic drugs were combined with static MF, the majority of cell types rescued from apoptosis. To the contrary, apoptosis of 3DO cells was significantly increased under simultaneous exposure to static MF and incubation with pro-apoptotic drugs. From these data we conclude that 6 mT static MF exposure interfered with apoptosis in a cell type- and exposure time-dependent manner, while the effects of static MF exposure on the apoptotic program were independent of the drugs used. Bioelectromagnetics 27:560–577, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Time Dependent Modifications of Hep G2 Cells During Exposure to Static Magnetic Fields

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Bioelectromagnetics Volume 26, Issue 4, pages 275–286, May 2005
Year of Publication: 
2005
Authors: 
Alfonsina Chionna
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Bernadette Tenuzzo
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Elisa Panzarini
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Majdi B. Dwikat
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Palestine
Luigi Abbro
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Luciana Dini
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Morphological modifications, i.e., cell shape, cell surface sugar residues, cytoskeleton, and apoptosis of Hep G2 cells during 24 h exposure to 6 mT static magnetic field (static MF) were studied by means of light and electron microscopy and cytochemistry. Progressive modifications of cell shape and surface were observed during the entire period of exposure to static MF. Control cells were polyhedric with short microvilli covering the cell surface, while those exposed to static MF, were elongated with many irregular microvilli randomly distributed on the cell surface. At the end of the exposure period, the cells had a less flat shape due to partial detachment from the culture dishes. However, throughout the period of exposure under investigation, the morphology of the organelles remained unmodified and cell proliferation was only partially affected. In parallel with cell shape changes, the microfilaments and microtubules, as well as the quantity and distribution of surface ConA-FITC and Ricinus communnis-FITC labeling sites, were modified in a time dependent manner. Apoptosis, which was almost negligible at the beginning of experiment, increased to about 20% after 24 h of continuous exposure. The induction of apoptosis was likely due to the increment of [Ca2+]i during exposure. In conclusion, the data reported in the present work indicates that 6 mT static MF exposure exerts time dependent biological effects on Hep G2 cells. Bioelectromagnetics 26:275–286, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Cell Shape and Plasma Membrane Alterations after Static Magnetic Fields Exposure

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
European Journal of Histochemistry, 2003;47(4):299-308.
Year of Publication: 
2003
Authors: 
Chionna A
Dept. of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Italy
Dwikat M
Dept. of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Italy
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Palestine
Panzarini E
Dept. of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Italy
Tenuzzo B
Dept. of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Italy
Carlà EC
Dept. of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Italy
Verri T
Dept. of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Italy
Pagliara P
Dept. of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Italy
Abbro L
Dept. of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Italy
Dini L
Dept. of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, Italy
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

The biological effects of static magnetic fields (MFs) with intensity of 6 mT were investigated in lymphocytes and U937 cells in the presence or absence of apoptosis-inducing drugs by transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Lectin cytochemistry of ConA-FITC conjugates was used to analyze plasma membrane structural modifications. Static MFs modified cell shape, plasma membrane and increased the level of intracellular [Ca++] which plays an antiapoptotic role in both cell types. Modifications induced by the exposure to static MFs were irrespective of the presence or absence of apoptotic drugs or the cell type. Abundant lamellar-shaped microvilli were observed upon 24 hrs of continuous exposure to static MFs in contrast to the normally rough surface of U937 cells having numerous short microvilli. Conversely, lymphocytes lost their round shape and became irregularly elongated; lamellar shaped microvilli were found when cells were simultaneously exposed to static MFs and apoptosis-inducing drugs. In our experiments, static MFs reduced the smoothness of the cell surface and partially impeded changes in distribution of cell surface glycans, both features being typical of apoptotic cells. Cell shape and plasma membrane structure modifications upon static MFs exposure were time-dependent. Lamellar microvilli were clearly observed before the distortion of cell shape, which was found at long times of exposure. MFs exposure promoted the rearrangement of F-actin filaments which, in turn, could be responsible for the cell surface modifications. Here we report data that support biological effects of static MFs on U937 cells and human lymphocytes. However, the involvement of these modifications in the onset of diseases needs to be further elucidated.

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