The genetic
diversity in Palestinian fig (Ficus carica L.), was studied using
random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence
repeats (ISSR) markers. Twenty three fig accessions (20 common fig
cultivars, and two more wild types and one San pedro type (Dafor)
crossponding to the main cultivated varieties in Palestine were
analyzed. The cultivars were assessed using the randomly amplified
polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. The 21 out of 25 screened markers
showed reproducible polymorphic profiles. The generated 1518 data
entries were analyzed among which 420 entries were for present bands and
1098 for absent bands. After determining Jaccard similarity index, some
genotypes showed high genetic similarity (77%) was recorded between
Zraqi and Ghzali, while other were less similar (0% between Ajloni and
Qraee). Moreover, the primers were evaluated for their resolving power,
where primer OPH08 achieved the highest power 3.16 meanwhile the weakest
power was shown by primer OPA03 (0.15).
Furthermore , dendrogram was elaborated by cluster analysis according to
the UPGMA algorithm . The genotypes were clustered into seven clades .
The mean number of amplification RAPD bands (6.7) was little more
than that of ISSR (5.57). Moreover, the total number of polymorphic
bands (161) detected by RAPD primers was much higher than that of the
ISSR primers (69), which suggested that the RAPD markers were more
powerful compared to ISSR markers in the capacity of revealing more
informative bands in a single amplification.