Keggin Ion

Hikmat S. Hilal's picture

Dehydrocyclization of n-Hexane over Heteropolyoxometalates Catalysts

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 2013, 3, 82-92
Year of Publication: 
2013
Authors: 
H. S. Hilal
SSERL, An-Najah N. University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Chemistry, An-Najah N. University, Nablus, PO Box 7, West Bank, Palestine
A. Eid
O. Benlounes
C. Rabia
S. Hocine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 
The catalytic dehydrocyclization of n-hexane was studied here for the first time using a number of compounds based on H3PMo12O40. The described catalysts were prepared by either replacing the acidic proton by with counter-ions such as ammonium or transition metal cations (NH4 +, Fe3+,K+), or by replacing Mo6+ with (Ni3+, Co3+, Mn3+) in the polyoxometalate framework, as reported earlier. For comparison purposes, the known (TBA)7PW11O39 catalyst system was used. All reactions were conducted at different temperatures in the range 200-450°C. The Keggin structure of these heteropolycompounds was ascertained by XRD, UV and IR measurements. 31P NMR measurements and thermal behaviour of the prepared catalysts were also studied. These modified polyoxometalates exhibited heterogeneous super-acidic catalytic activities in dehydrocyclization of n-hexane into benzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene and cyclohexadiene. The catalysts obtained by substituting the acidic proton or coordination atom exhibited higher selectivity and stability than the mother parent compound H3PMo12O40. Catalytic activity and selectivity were heavily dependent on the composition of the catalyst and on the reaction conditions. At higher temperatures, the catalyst exhibited higher conversion efficiency at the expense of selectivity. Using higher temperatures (>400oC) in the presence of hydrogen carrier gas, selectivity towards dehydrocyclization ceased and methane dominated. To explain the results, a plausible mechanism is presented, based on super-acidic nature of the catalyst systems. Keywords: dehydrocyclization; heteropolyacid; catalyst; n-hexane; Keggin ion .
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