Elasticity

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In Vivo Elasticity Measurements of Extremity Skeletal Muscle With MR Elastography

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
NMR in Biomedicine (2004) Volume: 17, Issue: 4, Pages: 181-190
Year of Publication: 
2004
Authors: 
Kai Uffmann
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
Stefan Maderwald
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
Waleed Ajaj
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Craig G. Galban
Serban Mateiescu
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
Harald H. Quick
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
Mark E. Ladd
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

MR elastography (MRE) has been shown to be capable of non-invasively measuring tissue elasticity even in deep-lying regions. Although limited studies have already been published examining in vivo muscle elasticity, it is still not clear over what range the in vivo elasticity values vary. The present study intends to produce further information by examining four different skeletal muscles in a group of 12 healthy volunteers in the age range of 27–38 years. The examinations were performed in the biceps brachii, the flexor digitorum profundus, the soleus and the gastrocnemius. The average shear modulus was determined to be 17.9 (5.5), 8.7 (2.8), 12.5 (7.3) and 9.9 (6.8) kPa for each muscle, respectively. To ascertain the reproducibility of the examination, the stiffness measurements in two volunteers were repeated seven times for the biceps brachii. These examinations yielded a mean shear modulus of 11.31.7 and 13.34.7 kPa for the two subjects. For elasticity reconstruction, an automated reconstruction algorithm is introduced which eliminates variation due to subjective manual image analysis. This study yields new information regarding the expected variation in muscle elasticity in a healthy population, and also reveals the expected variability of the MRE technique in skeletal muscle. Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

alsahili's picture

Elasticity of Intercity Buses In The West Bank

Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
An-Najah University Journal for Research - Natural Sciences, Volume 18, Issue 2, 2004 Pages:157-171
Year of Publication: 
2004
Authors: 
Khaled Al-Sahili
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty Of Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty Of Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Abdel Majid Sadeq
Al-Qararah Municipality, Khan Younis, Gaza, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

In the Palestinian territories, as the country is developing, there is a need to study public transport characteristics. This study is concerned with transportation planning in Palestine. The objective of the study is to collect and analyze information about public transportation ridership behavior by using two different questionnaires for bus riders and shared-taxi riders. The study area was the Northern and Central Governorates of the West Bank. Five hundred and eighty six forms were distributed for intercity bus and shared-taxi riders, which accounted for 5 percent of riders. Questions were about riders' characteristics, trip itself, and changing mode preference for a change in bus fare or waiting time. Results showed that ridership demand elasticity towards the change in bus fare was -1.83 for bus riders and 1.34 for shared-taxi riders. Employees and students who make frequent trips were the most sensitive to mode change based on fare change, reducing waiting time, and availability of express bus services. It is recommended for future research to extend such efforts for the rest of the West Bank governorates and Gaza Strip

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معدل مرونة ركاب الباصات بين المدن في الضفة الغربية
تعنى هذه الدراسة بتخطيط المواصلات في فلسطين، فهناك حاجة لدراسة خصائص المواصلات العامة في المناطق الفلسطينية، حيث إن المنطقة تتطور وتنمو. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تجميع معلومات وتحليلها بوساطة استبانات تم توزيعها على ركاب الحافلات، وسيارات النقل المشترك بين المدن. ومنطقة الدراسة هي المحافظات الشمالية والوسطى في الضفة الغربية. تم توزيع ٥٨٦ استبانة على ركاب النقل العام بين المدن، وهذا العدد يشكل ما يقارب ٥% من مجموع ركاب النقل العام لمنطقة الدراسة. وتحتوي الاست بانات على أسئلة عن خصائص الركاب، والرحلة، ومدى قابلية الركاب لتغيير وسيلة النقل العام نتيجة لتغير أجرة الركوب، وزمن الانتظار. وأظهرت النتائج أن معدل المرونة في الطلب، نتيجة تغير أجرة الركوب ، ه ي ١,٨٣ – لركاب
الحافلات، و ١,٣٤ لركاب سيارات النقل المشترك.وتبين كذلك أن الموظفين والطلبة هم الأكثر تأثرًا بتغير أجرة الركوب وزمن الانتظار، وذلك لكونهم يقومون برحلات شبه يومية، وهم أيضًا معنيون بالوصول إلى غاياتهم في وقت محدد. وتوصي الدراسة، لمن سيقوم بأبحاث مستقبلية، في هذا الموضوع، تناول باقي محافظات الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة في مثل هذا النوع من الدراسة.

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