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Manal Ihbeasheh's picture

A Retrospective Analysis of Antipsychotic Medication Use with Concomitant Clinical Evaluation in Outpatient Psychiatry Department in Palestine

Wed, 2015-03-04 13:31 — Manal Saleh Ihbeasheh
Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy Vol. 2(3), pp. 47 - 53 DOI: 10.13189/app.2014.020301
Year of Publication: 
2014
Link: 
http://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=1680
Authors: 
manal
[email protected]
Preferred Abstract (Original): 
Objectives: The objective of this paper was to study antipsychotic medication use in the outpatient psychiatry department in Palestine. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study carried out in Palestine on schizophrenic patients aged between 20 – 65 whose medications have not been changed in the past six months and they did not have an acute attack in the last year. Information regarding antipsychotic medications use was obtained from patients’ medical files; patients’ psychiatric symptoms were evaluated using the Expanded Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-E).Results: More than half (53.1%) of 150 patients were on antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) with average daily dose of 546.9 ± 254.9 mg chlorpromazine equivalents. The average number (mean ± SD) of medications a patient received was 1.7 ± 0.7. One third of patients on APP regimen received atypical antipsychotic and all of them received at least one conventional antipsychotic. Factors significantly and positively associated with APP were: use of anticholinergic agents (P<0.001), conventional antipsychotics (P<0.001), depot formulations (P<0.001) and prescribing higher doses of antipsychotics (P<0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: Antipsychotic polypharmacy in this study was common. Adherence to international guidelines in the treatment of schizophrenia is recommended.
saedzyoud's picture

Evaluation of Defined Daily Dose, Percentage of British National Formulary Maximum and Chlorpromazine Equivalents in Antipsychotic Drug Utilization

Fri, 2013-07-05 15:46 — Sa'ed H. A. Zyoud
Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal Available online 6 April 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2013.03.003
Year of Publication: 
2014
Link: 
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016413000352
Authors: 
Waleed M. Sweileh
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Jihad Bani Odeh
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Naser Y. Shraim
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Sa’ed H. Zyoud
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
[email protected]
Ansam F. Sawalha
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Samah W. Al-Jabi
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Objective
The present study was carried out to investigate and compare the three methods for calculating total antipsychotic dose among outpatients with schizophrenia attending primary psychiatric health care centers. The three methods were: Defined Daily Doses (DDDs), chlorpromazine equivalents (CPZeq) and percentages of the British National Formulary (BNF) maximum.
Methodology
Antipsychotic drug dosing data for 250 patients with schizophrenia were investigated by calculating Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Factors associated with antipsychotic dose, expressed as DDDs, CPZeq and percentages of the BNF maximum recommended daily dose, were investigated by means of linear regression analysis.
Results
Spearman’s correlation showed that there is a significant relationship between all pairs of the three dosing methods. In all three methods, coherence was strongest when dealing with first generation antipsychotics (FGA). Linear regression analyses showed a high degree of coherence between antipsychotic doses expressed as DDDs, CPZeq and percentages of the BNF maximum recommended daily dose.
Conclusion
All three tested methods are reliable and coherent for calculating antipsychotic dosing.

Abbreviations
  • %BNFmax, percentage of British National Formulary maximum;
  • CPZeq, chlorpromazine equivalents;
  • DDD, Defined Daily Dose (DDD);
  • FGA, first generation antipsychotics;
  • SGA, second generation antipsychotics
Waleed Sweileh's picture

Evaluation of Defined Daily Dose, Percentage of British National Formulary Maximum and Chlorpromazine Equivalents in Antipsychotic Drug Utilization

Thu, 2013-05-09 21:42 — Professor Waleed M. Sweileh
Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 13(1) 96
Year of Publication: 
2013
Link: 
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016413000352
Authors: 
Waleed M. Sweileh
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
[email protected]
Jihad Bani Odeh
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Naser Y. Shraim
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Sa’ed H. Zyoud
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Ansam F. Sawalha
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Samah W. Al-Jabi
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

Objective

The present study was carried out to investigate and compare the three methods for calculating total antipsychotic dose among outpatients with schizophrenia attending primary psychiatric health care centers. The three methods were: Defined Daily Doses (DDDs), chlorpromazine equivalents (CPZeq) and percentages of the British National Formulary (BNF) maximum.

Methodology

Antipsychotic drug dosing data for 250 patients with schizophrenia were investigated by calculating Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients. Factors associated with antipsychotic dose, expressed as DDDs, CPZeq and percentages of the BNF maximum recommended daily dose, were investigated by means of linear regression analysis.

Results

Spearman’s correlation showed that there is a significant relationship between all pairs of the three dosing methods. In all three methods, coherence was strongest when dealing with first generation antipsychotics (FGA). Linear regression analyses showed a high degree of coherence between antipsychotic doses expressed as DDDs, CPZeq and percentages of the BNF maximum recommended daily dose.

Conclusion

All three tested methods are reliable and coherent for calculating antipsychotic dosing.

Abbreviations

  • %BNFmax, percentage of British National Formulary maximum;
  • CPZeq, chlorpromazine equivalents;
  • DDD, Defined Daily Dose (DDD);
  • FGA, first generation antipsychotics;
  • SGA, second generation antipsychotics
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