-e/m
-Current balance.
-Oscillation of a bar magnet in a uniform magnetic field.
-Doppler’s effect.
-Radioactivity (β) rays.
-Thermodynamics (Cu-Fe) thermocouple.
-Prism spectrometer.
-Diffraction grating.
-Newton’s Rings.
-Quincke’s interference tube (path difference).
-Photocell.
-Lenses.
-Dc ammeter and voltmeter construction.