An-Najah Staff

Energy and water are very important commodities to human life. The world is suffering from a critical shortage in water and energy; the researchers must work hard to find sources of potable water and renewable energy. Energy and water saving techniques has a great importance especially in this transmission period. In this paper analyses were done for discrete water supply in hot water storage tanks, aiming to reduce energy and water losses. The analyses were based on an experimental study for the temperature distribution in the hot water storage tank for different flow rates and off periods, 3, 6, and 9 lpm, and 5, 10, and 15 minutes were considered for flow rates and off periods respectively. It has been found that increasing the hot water consumption rate reduces the total delivered hot water to the consumer. The analyses indicated increase in the usable hot water for small and medium off periods. This increase results in water and energy saving for the consumer. Also optimum off periods for the different flow rates were obtained after which the total usable hot water starts decreasing as expected. This optimum off period is valuable to save water and energy, and can be integrated with the solar radiation in winter and summer to determine the new optimum off periods for the different locations and time.