Sustainable Water Demand Management Versus Developing New And Additional Water In The Middle East: A Critical Review

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Journal Title, Volume, Page: 
Water Policy, Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2001, Pages 143–163
Year of Publication: 
2001
Authors: 
Marwan Haddad
Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, An-Najah National University, Nablus. Palestine
Current Affiliation: 
Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, An-Najah National University, Nablus. Palestine
Klaus Lindner
Consulting Engineers Salzgitter GmbH, Nord Sued Str. 1, 38250 Salzgitter, Germany
Preferred Abstract (Original): 

The scarcity of available water resources in the Middle East (ME) along with the occurrence of severe drought during the last two years has stimulated interest in minimizing regional water shortages by developing new and additional water using non-conventional options including large scale brackish and sea water desalination and water import projects. After a regional review is conducted of available water resources and uses, water demand projections, potential water development options, sustainable water demand management, and non-conventional water development options, it was concluded that (1) although most low-cost conventional resources in the region have already been developed, further potential exists, but marginal costs will increase rapidly, (2) the least cost solution for short and medium term water development for the ME is water conservation through water demand management practices, and (3) regional cooperation is required on the long-term to meet the future water needs through the development of new and additional water using non-conventional options.